1 - Vahyin Başlangıcı

Alkame b. Vakkâs el-Leysî'den: O şöyle demiştir: Ömer İbnu'l-Hattâb'ın minberde şöyle dediğini duydum: Allah Resulü (Sallallahu Aleyhi ve Sellem)’in şunları söylediğini duydum: "Ameller niyetlere göredir ve herkes için niyet ettiğinin karşılığı vardır. Kimin hicreti elde edeceği dünyalığa veya evleneceği bir kadına ise hicreti, hicret ettiği şeyedir. Tekrar: 54, 2529, 3898, 5070, 6689, 6953. Diğer Tahric:: Müslim, imare; Ebu Davud Talak; Tirmizî, cihad; Nesâî, tahare, talak, eymân; İbn Mace, zühd; Ahmed b. Hanbel, I

Mu’minlerin annesi Aişe r.anha şöyle demiştir: Haris bin Hişam r.a. Resulullah sallallahu aleyhi ve sellemʿden: "Ya Resullallah, sana vahiy nasıl gelir?" diye sordu. Resulullah (Sallallahu aleyhi ve Sellem) buyurdu ki: Bazen bana çıngırak sesi şeklinde gelir ki benim üzerimde en şiddetli olanı budur. Sonra bu halin şiddeti üzerimden kalktığında ben vahyi ezberlemiş olurum. Bazen de melek bana insan şeklinde gelir ve benimle konuşur. Ben onun söylediğini ezberlerim". Hz. Aişe şöyle demiştir: "Ben soğuğun şiddetli olduğu günde vahyin ona indirildiğini görmüşümdür. Bu halin şiddeti üzerinden kalkarken alnından terler boşalırdı. Tekrarı: 3215 İZAHI İÇİN BURAYA TIKLA

Mu'minlerin annesi Aişe r.anha.'dan (dedilerki:) Resulullah sallallahu aleyhi ve sellemʿin ilk vahiy başlangıcı uykuda rüʿya-yı saliha (yani sıdık –doğru- rüya) görmekle olmuştur. Hiçbir rüʿya görmezdi ki sabah aydınlığı gibi aynen çıkardı. Ondan sonra kalbine yalnızlık sevgisi yerleştirildi. Artık Hira (dağın)ʿdaki mağara içinde yalnızlığa çekilir, oradan ailesinin yanına gelinceye kadar sayısı belirli gecelerde tahannüs -ki taabbüd demektir.- eder bir süre sonra) yine azık alıp mağaraya geri giderdi. Sonra yine Hatice'nin yanına dönüp, bir o kadar zaman için azık tedarik ederdi. Nihayet Resulullah sallallahu aleyhi ve sellemʿe birgün Hira mağarasında bulunduğu sırada (emr-i) Hak (yani vahiy) geldi. Şöyle ki Ona Melek gelip: (İkra) yani "Oku" dedi. O da: "Ben okumak bilmem." cevabını verdi. Zat-ı Akdesi Risalet-Penahî buyurur ki o zaman Melek beni alıp takatim kesilinceye kadar sıkıştırdı. Sonra beni bırakıp yine: (İkra) dedi. Ben de ona: "Okumak bilmem." dedim. Yine beni alıp ikinci defʿa takatim kesilinceye kadar sıkıştırdı. Sonra beni bırakıp yine: (İkra) dedi. Ben de: "Okumak bilmem." dedim. Nihayet beni yine alıp üçüncü defʿa takatim kesilinceye kadar sıkıştırdı. Sonra beni bıraktı:

Cabir b. Abdullah el-Ensari r.a. (O da hadîs-i sâbıkı rivâyet edip) şöyle demiştir: Resulullah sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem fetret-i vahiyden bahsederken söz arasında buyurdu ki: "Ben (bir gün) yürürken birdenbire gökyüzü tarafından bir ses işitttim. Başımı kaldırdım. Bir de baktım ki Hıraʿda bana gelen Melek (yâni Cibrîl a.s.) semâ ile arz arasında bir kürsî üzerinde oturmuş. Pek ziyade korktum. (Evime) dönüp: beni örtün, beni örtün, dedim. Bunun üzerine Allahu Teâlâ (Müddessir suresinin ilk dört) ayet-i kerîmesini inzâl etti. Artık vahiy kızıştı da ardı arası kesilmedi. Tekrar:

لَا تُحَرِّكْ بِهِ لِسَانَكَ لِتَعْجَلَ بِهِ (Ayeti kerime’sinin tefsirinde) İbn-i Abbas r.a. şöyle demiştir: Resulullah (Sallallahu aleyhi ve Sellem) tenzîl olunan Ayet-ı Kerîme (nin zabtı yüzün)den güçlük çekerler ve bundan dolayı çok kereler mübârek dudaklarını kımıldatırlardı. Bunu söylerken İbn-i Abbâs r.a.: "İşte bak Resûlullah sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem dudaklarını nasıl kımıldatıyor idiyse ben de (sana) öylece kımıldatıyorum." da demiş. Bunun üzerine Allâhu Teâlâ ona

İbni Abbas r.a.'dan şöyle rivayet edilmiştir: Allah Resulü (Sallallahu aleyhi ve Sellem) insanların en cömerti idi. En cömert olduğu zaman da Ramazan ayında Cebrail ile buluştuğu zamandır. Cebrail Ramazan ayının her gecesinde Nebi (s.a.v.) ile buluşarak onunla Kur'ân'ı müzâkere îderdi. Gerçekten Allah Resulü esen rüzgârdan daha cömertti

Narrated by 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas, on the authority of Abu Sufyan:

"During the days of the truce that the Prophet (ﷺ) had concluded with Abu Sufyan and the unbelievers of Quraysh at Hudaybiyyah, Abu Sufyan was traveling with a Qurayshi caravan on a trade journey to Syria (Al-Sham). The Roman Emperor Heraclius summoned Abu Sufyan and the Qurayshi caravan to his presence. Abu Sufyan and his companions entered before Heraclius, who was at that time in Iliya (Jerusalem), along with the notables of the Romans. The emperor had them brought in and ordered his interpreter to come as well.

The interpreter asked: 'Which of you is the closest in kinship to this man who claims to be a prophet?' Abu Sufyan said: 'I am,' I replied. Heraclius then said: 'Bring him close to me, and have his companions stand behind him.' He then turned to his interpreter and said: 'Tell them: I am going to ask this man some questions about him. If he lies to me, let them contradict him.' Abu Sufyan said: 'By Allah, had I not been ashamed that my companions would spread word that I had lied, I would have lied about him (the Prophet).

Heraclius then began his questioning. His first question was: 'What is his lineage among you?' I said: 'His lineage among us is of the highest.' He asked: 'Has anyone among you previously claimed prophethood?' I said: 'No.' He asked: 'Were any of his forefathers kings?' I said: 'No.' He asked: 'Do those who follow him come from the nobles of the people or from the weak?' I said: 'From the weak.' He asked: 'Are the numbers of his followers increasing or decreasing?' I said: 'They are increasing.' He asked: 'Does anyone who enters his religion leave it out of dislike for it?' I said: 'No.' He asked: 'Did you ever accuse him of lying before he claimed prophethood?' I said: 'No.' He asked: 'Does he ever break his agreements?' I said: 'No, he does not. However, we are currently in a truce with him for a fixed period, and we do not know what he will do during it.' (Abu Sufyan said: 'That was the only disparaging remark I could insert against him.') He asked: 'Have you ever fought against him?' I said: 'Yes, we have.' He asked: 'How did those battles turn out?' I said: 'They were mixed — sometimes he won and sometimes we won.' He asked: 'What does he command you to do?' I said: 'He commands us to worship Allah alone and to associate nothing with Him, to abandon what our forefathers used to believe and say. He commands us to perform prayer, to be truthful, to be chaste, and to maintain ties of kinship.

Heraclius then said to his interpreter: 'Tell him: I asked you about his lineage, and you said it is high among you. Prophets are indeed sent from the highest lineages of their people. I asked whether anyone before him had made such a claim, and you said no. Had there been someone before him, I would have said he was merely following a previous claimant. I asked whether any of his forefathers were kings, and you said no. Had a king been among his forefathers, I would have said he was seeking to reclaim the kingdom of his fathers. I asked whether you had ever accused him of lying before his claim, and you said no. I therefore know that a man who did not lie to people would not dare to lie about Allah. I asked whether those who follow him are the nobles or the weak, and you said the weak — and indeed it is the weak who are first to follow the prophets. I asked whether his followers were increasing or decreasing, and you said increasing — and that is the way of true faith until it is complete. I asked whether anyone who had entered his religion had left it out of dislike, and you said no — and that is how faith is once it has mingled and taken root in the hearts. I asked whether he ever broke his agreements, and you said no — and prophets do not break their agreements. I asked what he commands you to do, and you said he commands the worship of Allah alone, the prohibition of associating anything with Him, the prohibition of idol worship, the establishment of prayer, truthfulness and chastity. If what you have said is true, then very soon he will come to possess the very ground beneath my feet. I already knew that a prophet was soon to appear, but I did not think he would come from among you. If I knew I could reach him, I would endure every hardship to meet him, and if I were with him, I would wash his feet!

Heraclius then asked for the letter of the Prophet (ﷺ), which had been sent through Dihya to the governor of Busra and had been forwarded to the Emperor. The man who brought it handed it to Heraclius, who read it. In the letter was written:

"In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. From Muhammad, the servant and Messenger of Allah, to Heraclius, the great ruler of the Romans. Peace be upon those who follow the guidance. I invite you to Islam — embrace Islam and you will be saved, and Allah will give you a double reward. But if you refuse, then the sin of your farmers (all the people of Byzantium) will be upon you. O People of the Scripture! Come to a word that is common between us and you: that we worship none but Allah, that we associate nothing with Him, and that none of us takes others as lords besides Allah. But if they turn away, then say: Bear witness that we are Muslims. (Surah Aal-'Imran, 3:64)"

Abu Sufyan said: After Heraclius had finished speaking and the letter had been read, the noise around him grew louder and the voices rose. We were then escorted out. When I was alone with my companions, I said to them: "The matter of the son of Abu Kabsha (i.e., the Prophet) has truly become great — even the king of Banu Al-Asfar (the Romans) fears him." From that point on, I became firmly convinced that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would be victorious, until Allah placed Islam firmly in my heart.

Ibn Al-Natur — the governor of Iliya (Jerusalem) and a friend of Heraclius, who had been appointed as bishop over the Christians of Syria — used to speak about Heraclius, saying: "When Heraclius came to Jerusalem, he appeared very troubled. Some of his commanders said to him: 'We can see that something is troubling you.'" Ibn Al-Natur said: Heraclius was a man who observed the stars and practiced astrology. In response to their question, he said to them: "Last night, when I observed the stars, I saw that the king of the circumcised has appeared. Who among this nation practices circumcision?" They replied: "None but the Jews, and you need not worry about them. Write to the cities of your kingdom and have the Jews there killed." Then a man was brought before Heraclius, sent by the Ghassanid ruler to deliver news about the Prophet (ﷺ). Heraclius, after hearing the news from him, said: "Check whether this man is circumcised or not." They checked and reported that he was circumcised. Heraclius asked the man: "Do the Arabs practice circumcision?" When he learned that they did, he said: "This is the king of this nation who has now appeared." Heraclius then wrote to a friend of his in Rome who was his equal in learning, and traveled to Homs (Emesa). Before leaving Homs, he received a letter from his friend which agreed with his own view — that the Prophet had appeared and was indeed a true prophet

Heraclius then invited the nobles of the Romans to his palace in Homs, ordered the doors to be locked, and climbed to an elevated position. He addressed them, saying: "O people of Rome! Do you wish to attain success, be rightly guided, and have your kingdom remain in your hands? If so, give your allegiance to this prophet." Upon hearing this, the assembly rushed toward the doors like wild donkeys, but found them locked. When Heraclius saw how strongly they recoiled and despaired of their embracing faith, he ordered them to be brought back and said to them: "I said what I said only to test the strength of your attachment to your religion, and I have now seen it with my own eyes." Upon hearing this, those present expressed their approval and prostrated before him in reverence. And that is the end of the account concerning Heraclius.